A solar panel is also called a photovoltaic panel. This panel consists of a package of interconnected assembly of solar cells that absorb solar light and then convert it into electricity. The solar panel is one of the first steps of going green by using less of electricity and more of renewable energy. The energy produced from solar panel can be used to supply power to residential houses as well as commercial establishments.
A single solar cell can produce a small amount of power. Hence the solar panel includes an array of many solar cells so that more power can be produced. The solar panel also contains an inverter to convert the form of energy to another. There is also a battery with a set of interconnected wires.
The solar panel makes use of light energy absorbed from the sun which is used to generate electricity from the photovoltaic effect. The structural module can either comprise the back layer or the top layer. Many modules make use of wafer thin crystalline silicon cells. The conducting wires transfer the energy and they are either of silver or copper.
The individual cells are connected electrically to the whole system and also to one another. However the cells must be protected from any kind of damage and water. The electrical connections are made in a series so that the desired output of voltage can be achieved. Many solar panels contain special diodes in order to avoid any type of reverse currents in case of shading or nigh time. Reverse currents waste power and they can also lead to overheating of cells. The solar cells become less efficient in case the temperature is too hot and hence a professional installer provides good amount of ventilation behind the solar panels.
The newer solar panels also have concentrators which help to focus the light on the cells or the lenses. Hence more energy is consumed. The solar cells can produce energy from a range of frequencies but they can’t cover all the frequencies at once such as diffused light, infrared and ultraviolet. Hence quite a significant amount of solar energy is wasted by today’s solar panels however their efficiency can be increased if monochromatic light is directed on them. 
Hence there is a new design concept devised that produces more electricity with monochromatic light by using higher efficiencies. The design concept splits solar light into different frequencies which are then directed towards different cells.